On Election Day 1922, Oregon voters passed a referendum requiring all children to attend the state’s public schools. At a stroke, all Christian and private schools were declared illegal. J. Gresham Machen, Greek scholar and professor of New Testament at Princeton Seminary and Westminster Theological Seminary, saw the danger in such a statute. Without Christian schools to hold it accountable, the public school system had the potential to become a “perfect instrument of tyranny”—a tool the state would use to indoctrinate America’s youth with its own secular, relativistic, and materialistic philosophies. Though written in 1923, Machen’s words echo prophetically today.
When one considers what the public schools of America in many places already are—their materialism, their discouragement of any sustained intellectual effort, their encouragement of the dangerous pseudo-scientific fads of experimental psychology—one can only be appalled by the thought of a commonwealth in which there is no escape from such a soul-killing system. But the principle of such laws and their ultimate tendency are far worse than the immediate results. A public school system, in itself, is indeed of enormous benefit to the race. But it is of benefit only if it is kept healthy at every moment by the absolutely free possibility of the competition of private schools. A public-school system, if it means the providing of free education for those who desire it, is a noteworthy and beneficial achievement of modern times; but when once it becomes monopolistic it is the most perfect instrument of tyranny which has yet been devised. Freedom of thought in the Middle Ages was combated by the Inquisition, but the modern method is far more effective. Place the lives of children in their formative years, despite the convictions of their parents, under the ultimate control of experts appointed by the state, force them to attend schools where the higher aspirations of humanity are crushed out, and where the mind is filled with the materialism of the day, and it is difficult to see how even the remnants of liberty can subsist. Such a tyranny, supported as it is by a perverse technique used as the instrument in destroying human souls, is certainly far more dangerous than the crude tyrannies of the past, which despite their weapons of fire and sword permitted thought at least to be free.
The truth is that the materialistic paternalism of the present day, if allowed to go on unchecked, will rapidly make of America one huge “Main Street,” where spiritual adventure will be discouraged and democracy will be regarded as consisting in the reduction of all mankind to the proportions of the narrowest and least gifted of the citizens.[1]
[1] J. Gresham Machen, Christianity and Liberalism (1923; repr., Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997), 13-15.